SpringBoot-(二十七)SpringBoot实现动态定时任务

本文最后更新于:October 2, 2022 am

SpringBoot框架中有两个非常重要的策略:开箱即用和约定优于配置。其设计目的是用来简化新Spring应用的初始搭建以及开发过程。该框架使用了特定的方式来进行配置,从而使开发人员不再需要定义样板化的配置。

目录

导入依赖

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<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>

配置文件

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server:
port: 8081

定时任务文件

在和application.yml同目录下新建一个文件 task-config.ini:

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printTime.cron=0/10 * * * * ? 

方式一

开启定时任务

设置启动类:

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package com.tothefor.scheding;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;

@EnableScheduling
@SpringBootApplication
public class SchedingApplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SchedingApplication.class, args);
System.out.println("发射🚀");
}

}

定时任务执行类

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package com.tothefor.scheding.Sech;

import lombok.Data;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.scheduling.Trigger;
import org.springframework.scheduling.TriggerContext;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.SchedulingConfigurer;
import org.springframework.scheduling.config.ScheduledTaskRegistrar;
import org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronTrigger;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.Date;

/**
* @Author DragonOne
* @Date 2022/10/2
* @墨水记忆 www.tothefor.com
*/
@Data
@Component
@PropertySource("classpath:/task-config.ini")
public class ScheduleTask implements SchedulingConfigurer {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ScheduleTask.class);

@Value("${printTime.cron}")
private String cron;

@Override
public void configureTasks(ScheduledTaskRegistrar taskRegistrar) {
// 动态使用cron表达式设置循环间隔
taskRegistrar.addTriggerTask(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
LOGGER.info("TTF:Current time: {}", LocalDateTime.now());
}
}, new Trigger() {
@Override
public Date nextExecutionTime(TriggerContext triggerContext) {
// 使用CronTrigger触发器,可动态修改cron表达式来操作循环规则
CronTrigger cronTrigger = new CronTrigger(cron);
Date nextExecutionTime = cronTrigger.nextExecutionTime(triggerContext);
return nextExecutionTime;
}
});
}
}

动态修改接口

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package com.tothefor.scheding.Sech;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
* @Author DragonOne
* @Date 2022/10/2
* @墨水记忆 www.tothefor.com
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class TestController {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestController.class);
private final ScheduleTask scheduleTask;

@Autowired
public TestController(ScheduleTask scheduleTask) {
this.scheduleTask = scheduleTask;
}

@GetMapping("/updateCron")
public String updateCron(String cron) {
LOGGER.info("new cron :{}", cron);
scheduleTask.setCron(cron);
return "ok";
}
}

测试

先将项目跑起来,可以看见控制台上的日志打印为每10秒打印一次。然后请求接口修改定时任务的执行周期:

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http://localhost:8081/test/updateCron?cron=0/15 * * * * ?

执行后,发现日志打印为每15秒打印一次。

方式二

上面的借助cron表达式的方法,还有另一种触发器,区别于CronTrigger触发器,该触发器可随意设置循环间隔时间,不像cron表达式只能定义小于等于间隔59秒。

定时任务执行类

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package com.tothefor.scheding.sc2;

import lombok.Data;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.scheduling.Trigger;
import org.springframework.scheduling.TriggerContext;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.SchedulingConfigurer;
import org.springframework.scheduling.config.ScheduledTaskRegistrar;
import org.springframework.scheduling.support.PeriodicTrigger;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.Date;

/**
* @Author DragonOne
* @Date 2022/10/2
* @墨水记忆 www.tothefor.com
*/
@Data
@Component
public class ScheduleTask implements SchedulingConfigurer {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ScheduleTask.class);

private Long timer = 10000L;

@Override
public void configureTasks(ScheduledTaskRegistrar taskRegistrar) {
// 动态使用cron表达式设置循环间隔
taskRegistrar.addTriggerTask(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
LOGGER.info("TTF:Current time: {}", LocalDateTime.now());
}
}, new Trigger() {
@Override
public Date nextExecutionTime(TriggerContext triggerContext) {
// 使用CronTrigger触发器,可动态修改cron表达式来操作循环规则
// CronTrigger cronTrigger = new CronTrigger(cron);
// Date nextExecutionTime = cronTrigger.nextExecutionTime(triggerContext);

// 使用不同的触发器,为设置循环时间的关键,区别于CronTrigger触发器,该触发器可随意设置循环间隔时间,单位为毫秒
PeriodicTrigger periodicTrigger = new PeriodicTrigger(timer);
Date nextExecutionTime = periodicTrigger.nextExecutionTime(triggerContext);
return nextExecutionTime;
}
});
}
}

动态修改接口

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package com.tothefor.scheding.Sech;

import com.tothefor.scheding.sc2.ScheduleTask;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
* @Author DragonOne
* @Date 2022/10/2
* @墨水记忆 www.tothefor.com
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class TestController {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestController.class);

private final ScheduleTask scheduleTask;

@Autowired
public TestController(ScheduleTask scheduleTask) {
this.scheduleTask = scheduleTask;
}

@GetMapping("/updateTimer")
public String updateTimer(Long timer) {
LOGGER.info("new timer :{}", timer);
scheduleTask.setTimer(timer);
return "ok";
}
}

📢注意:不要Autowired注入错了!!!要把方式一的类给注释掉!!

  • updateTimer 接口传入的是一个毫秒值。

总结

  • 使用CronTrigger触发器:只能定义定时任务的间隔。
  • 使用PeriodicTrigger触发器:能自定义间隔时长。